People have always looked for patterns to explain the universe and to predict the future. “Red sky at night, sailor’s delight. Red sky in morning, sailor’s warning” is an adage predicting the weather.

Every query typed into a large language model (LLM), such as ChatGPT, requires energy and produces CO2 emissions. Emissions, however, depend on the model, the subject matter, and the user. Researchers ...

IT WAS AN eye-opening experiment. In 2023 Apollo Research, an outfit in London that tests artificial-intelligence (AI) systems, instructed OpenAI’s GPT-4, a large language model, to manage a fictional ...

TO GET THE most accurate answer from a large language model, make sure to prompt it in the right language. An English-speaking user asking a world-leading model what to do about swollen legs late in ...

A hunk of material bustles with electrons, one tickling another as they bop around. Quantifying how one particle jostles others in that scrum is so complicated that, beginning in the 1990s, physicists ...