The complement system in teleost fish constitutes a cornerstone of innate defence, integrating classical, lectin and alternative activation routes to eliminate pathogens and shape inflammatory ...

The complement cascade, a cornerstone of innate immunity, has been increasingly recognised for its non-canonical role in sculpting neural circuits through synaptic pruning. Central to this process is ...

A new review by Dr. Ruyuan Wang and an international team of researchers explores the complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, shedding light on regulatory mechanisms in ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American The very first line of defence against any ...

The immune system has two separate responses, which are orchestrated to optimize protection against pathogens. The first response is known as innate immunity. This first wave of protection provides ...

Researchers have discovered that mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have a persistent effect on the innate immune system. These mechanisms may help the human body to better protect itself against potential ...

Dozens of new discoveries reveal that defenses evolved by bacteria and viruses billions of years ago still define our own innate immune system. Evolutionary arms races — where one species is pitted ...

Louse-borne relapsing fever is an acute bacterial infection that triggers recurring episodes of high fever. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia recurrentis, which is a spiral-shaped bacterium ...

Humans are protected by two branches of the immune system. Innate immunity provides built-in defense against widespread characteristics of bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity memorizes ...

Researchers from Penn’s School of Dental Medicine discovered that training the innate immune system may lead to increased bone loss in inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and arthritis.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used vaccines. It was developed in the early 20th century to provide protection from tuberculosis. Surprisingly, this ...