The data converter has acted as the bridge between the analog (real) world and the digital world for a few decades now. Starting with discrete elements that took up multiple rack spaces and burnt lots ...

There are several aspects of audio converter design that are generally not well understood but have a dramatic impact on performance, both measurable and audible. Audio converter IC manufacturers ...

Today's analog system designers face many design challenges. Not only do designers need to select the proper integrated-circuit components, but they also must accurately predict the interactions of ...

The critical component in all digital communications receivers is the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC sampling rate, bandwidth, and noise tolerance establishes the specifications and ...

The specific monitoring design (the choice of location and timing of sample collection) that best meets project objectives will depend on the type and scale of the project and the degree to which ...

Cochran (1977) outlines eleven steps in the planning of a survey. Good sampling methods must exist in the environment of all of these steps. These steps are (1) a statement of the survey objectives, ...

With this approach, a second site (a baseline reference site) in a very similar watershed is monitored. Changes in the BMP site are compared to this baseline. The monitoring approach is greatly ...