Automobiles are undergoing a digital makeover: gone forever are the days of pure mechanical systems and analog electronics. Today’s automobile is a digital automobile, incorporating dozens of embedded ...

Network analysis is a powerful and well-established method of characterizing and optimizing a control system. [1] Unfortunately, making a successful measurement can be difficult and frustrating ...

(Editor's additional note: if you are not familiar with the principles and analysis of PID control: you should be; It is the most important, studied, understandable, and applied closed-loop control ...

Every plant in the process industry most likely has several control loops that do not perform well. Although there are many factors that may negatively affect control loop performance, a few of these ...

Switching power supplies rely on feedback control loops to ensure that the required voltage and current are maintained under varying load conditions. Design of the feedback control loop influences ...

Frequency-locked loops (FLLs) are indispensable for modern power system synchronization, providing direct estimation of grid frequency and phase in grid-connected converters. Unlike phase-locked loops ...