In his lecture after winning a share of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, John Fenn described his work as creating “wings for molecular elephants”. Fenn pioneered the use of a method called ...

XRD works by directing X-rays onto a crystalline material and analyzing the angles and intensities of the diffracted beams. The atomic planes within the crystal act as a three-dimensional grating, ...

The state-of-the-art structural analysis and design of bridges are based on Newton's universal laws, which do not account for aging and degradation of structures. Therefore, the design is valid only ...