Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems enable simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams over a shared optical medium by assigning each user a unique code sequence. Rather than ...

APIC Corporation, Culver City, California, recently announced that it has received a U.S. Naval Air Systems Command Small Business Innovation Research Phase I contract to design an integrated optical ...

In Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA), users are assigned with specific inter-leavers instead of PN-sequences as in case of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems to differentiate ...

This paper is the study of the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift keying) modulation technique using AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) and Multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In QPSK scheme the authors ...

Wideband CDMA is a third-generation (3G) wireless standard which allows use of both voice and data and offers data speeds of up to 384 Kbps. The frequency bands for WCDMA are as follows: Europe and ...